A/V-기에 grammar = 1) since, because; 2) good/bad/... for, to


A/V-
기에 grammar = (1) since, because ~express reason or cause; (2) (good, bad…) for, to ~express opinion about the work of doing an action

 

Usage 1:

- 기에 grammar is used to express that the preceding clause is the cause, reason, or basis for the following clause. = because, since

마트에서 과일을 싸게 팔기에 좀 많이 샀어요.

Fruit was sold cheaply at the supermarket, so I bought a lot.

- 기에 grammar is mainly used in written language and formal situations.

- 기에 grammar can be used interchangeably with -길래 grammar. -기에 is often used in writing or formal speech while -길래 is mostly used in spoken language.

 

Usage 2:

- 기에 grammar is also used to express the speaker’s opinion or experience (good, bad, tired, difficult, convenient...) about the work of doing an action = (good, bad, difficult …) for, to


지하철역이 가까워서 살기에 편해요.

Since the subway station is near, so it is comfortable for living.

- It often goes with adjectives such as (기에) 좋다, (기에) 나쁘다, (기에) 힘들다, (기에) 어렵다, (기에) 편하다, etc.

 

Tense:

Adjective/Verb + 기에 (Present tense)

좋다 -> 좋기에

살다 -> 살기에

드리다 -> 드리기에

보이다 -> 보이기에

 

Adjective/Verb + 았/었/였기에 (Past tense)

좋다 -> 좋았기에

살다 -> 살았기에

드리다 -> 드렸기에

보이다 -> 보였기에

 

Adjective/Verb + 겠기에 (Future tense)

좋다 -> 좋겠기에

살다 -> 살겠기에

드리다 -> 드리겠기에

보이다 -> 보이겠기에

 

Noun + 기에 = (Present tense)

아이 -> 아이기에

방책 -> 방책이기에

 

Noun + 였기에/이었기에 = (Past tense)

아이 -> 아이였기에

방책 -> 방책이었기에

 

Noun + (이)겠기에 = (Future tense)

의자 -> 의자겠기에

방책 -> 방책이겠기에 


 

Specific usage 1:

1. 기에 grammar can be used interchangeably with -길래 grammar. -기에 is often used in writing while -길래 is mostly used in spoken language.

 

비가 많이 오기에 우산을 갖고 왔어요.

= 비가 많이 오길래 우산을 갖고 왔어요.

I brought an umbrella because it was raining heavily.

 

2. If something heard from someone else forms the reason or cause for the following action, the quotation form -(느)ㄴ다기에 is used.

비가 온다기에 우산을 들고 나왔는데 맑기 하네요.

I brought out an umbrella because I heard it was raining, but it is sunny.

 

3. Imperative and propositive forms are not used with -기에.

값이 너무 싸기에 하나 더 살까요? (X) / 사세요. (X)

-> 값이 너무 싸기에 하나 더 살까 해요. (〇)

I am thinking of buying another one because it's so cheap.

 

Examples:


Usage 1: -기에 = because, since


1. 집에 음식이 떨어져 가기에 장을 보러 갔다. (떨어져 가다 = run out, 장을 보다 =  to go grocery shopping)

I went for grocery shopping because the food at home is running out.

 

2. 한국 문화가 좋아 보이기에 한국어를 공부하게 되었다.

I started studying Korean because I liked Korean culture.

 

3. 비가 오기에 친구와 만남 약속을 취소했다.

I canceled my appointment with my friend because it was raining.

 

4. 마감 일을 못 맞추겠기에 친구에게 좀 도와 달라고 했다. (마감 일 = deadline)

Since I can’t meet the deadline, I asked my friend for help.

 

5. 일이 너무 많아서 수지 씨 같이 하자고 했다.

I had a lot of work to do, so I asked Suzy to do it together.

 

6. 사람들이 모금 활동에 적극 참여했기에 목표 금액을 달성되었다. (모금 = fundraising)

The target amount was achieved because people actively participated in fundraising activities.

 

7. 오전에 민아 씨한테 뭐라고 하셨다면서요?

- 네, 꼼꼼하지 못하고 하도 덜렁대기에 뭐라고 좀 했습니다. (덜렁대다 = clumsy, sloppy)

I heard you said something to Miss Mina in the morning.

- Yes, she was a bit careless and clumsy, so I said something.

 

8. 얼마 전에 사무실 사람들에게 한마디 하셨다면서요?

- 네, 최근에 지각들이 하도 잦기에 한마디 좀 했어요.

Did you say something to the office staffs recently?

- Yes, some have been late so often lately, so I said a few words.

 

Usage 2: -기에 = (good, bad, convenient…) for, to 

 

1. 여행처럼 스트레스를 풀기에 좋은 게 없어요.

There is nothing good for releasing stress like travel.

 

2. 제주도는 경치가 아름답고 볼거리가 많아서 여행하기에 좋아요.

Jeju island is beautiful and has a lot of attractions, so it is good for travelling.

 

3. 부산은 서울에서 멀어서 하루에 갔다 오기에 좀 힘들어요.

Since Busan is far from Seoul, so it is difficult to transport in a day.

 

4. 집이 조금 좁아서 여섯 식구가 살기에 힘들 거예요.

The house is a little small, so it will be difficult for six family members to live in.

 

5. 네 사람이 먹기에 좀 부족한 것 같으니까 조금 더 시킵시다.

It seems not enough food for four people, so let's order a little more.

 

6. 강원도에서 해수욕장가 예뻐서 여름휴가를 가기에 좋아요.

The beach in Gangwon-do is beautiful, so it's good for summer vacation.

 

7. 회사가 집에서 가까워요?

- 네, 가까워서 출퇴근하기에 편해요.

Is your company close to home?

- Yes, it's close, so it's convenient for commuting.

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