South Korea observes Memorial Day (현충일, Hyunchoongil) every year on June 6 to honor those who sacrificed their lives to protect the country. But why was this date chosen, and what are its historical roots?
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| Children are praying silently at Daejeon National Cemetery |
Let’s explore the meaning of Memorial Day, its connection to Korea’s farming calendar, and its significance during the Korean War.
What Does “Hyunchoongil (현충일)” Mean?
- Hyun (顯): to reveal or show
- Choong (忠): loyalty
- Il (日): day
In short, Hyunchoongil means “A Day to Honor Loyalty.” It's a solemn reminder of those who gave their lives for the freedom and safety of the nation.
Why June 6? The Link to Mangjong (망종)
June 6 is not a random date. It was chosen because it coincides with Mangjong (망종), one of the 24 traditional solar terms in the Korean agricultural calendar. Mangjong means the “Grain in Ear,” a period ideal for planting crops with beards like rice and barley, marking the beginning of summer farming.
In ancient Korea, Mangjong was considered a sacred and favorable day. During the Goryeo Dynasty, soldiers who died in battle were honored on this day—some even had their remains returned home for traditional funerals. During the Joseon Dynasty, soldiers’ remains were also buried on June 6.
The symbolic meaning of planting seeds to grow future life became a metaphor for honoring those who “planted” their lives for the nation. That’s why June 6 was officially designated as Memorial Day in 1956.
The Origin of Memorial Day After the Korean War
Modern Memorial Day in Korea was established in the aftermath of the Korean War (1950–1953). On June 25, 1950, North Korea launched a surprise invasion of the South at 4:00 a.m., sparking a devastating war.
Millions of citizens—including regular soldiers, young student soldiers, and volunteers—fought bravely to protect the country. Over 620,000 South Korean troops were killed or wounded during the conflict.
In remembrance of those sacrifices, the South Korean government declared June 6 a national memorial day to commemorate all who died in service to the Republic of Korea, especially during the Korean War.
Global Support: The Role of the UN and 64 Nations
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| A UN Day event filmed in 1951 with 64 countries supported South Korea during the Korean War. |
When North Korea attacked, the United Nations responded swiftly. On June 27, 1950, the UN voted to send a coalition force to aid South Korea—the only time in history the UN has dispatched troops under its own name.
A total of 22 nations officially supported South Korea:
- 16 countries provided combat troops
- 6 countries offered medical aid
- In total, 64 nations supported South Korea through military, medical, or material aid
The United States alone sent 1.78 million troops, the largest contribution. UN Forces lost 37,902 soldiers during the war. This global solidarity played a critical role in defending Korean democracy, and it’s something Koreans continue to remember each Memorial Day.
How South Koreans Observe Memorial Day
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| Korean national flag at half-mast in June 6 |
On June 6, every household and building flies the Korean national flag (Taegeukgi) at half-mast in remembrance. A nationwide moment of silence is held at 10:00 AM, often accompanied by sirens.
National cemeteries and war memorials hold official ceremonies, including at the Seoul National Cemetery where government leaders and citizens pay tribute to fallen heroes.
Similar Days Around the World
United States: Memorial Day is observed on the last Monday of May, honoring those who died in military service.United Kingdom and France: Armistice Day is observed on November 11, commemorating fallen soldiers of World War I.