A/V-기 때문에, N(이기) 때문에 grammar = because (of), since ~express a reason or cause of a situation


N 때문에, N이기 때문에, A/V-기 때문에 grammar = because (of), since ~express a reason or cause of a situation

Usage:
- 기 때문에 is used to express a reason or cause of a situation = because (of), since
- 기 때문에 can’t be used in imperative (-으세요) or propositive (-읍시다, 을까요?) sentences

- N 때문에 = N functions as the reason and the object of the sentence, not the subject (example 1-3)
- N이기 때문에 = N functions as the reason and the subject of the sentence (example 3-5)

- 왜냐하면 .... 기 때문이다/거든요 is also often used to emphasize the reason or cause. In this case, the result must be stated before 왜냐하면 and the reason is followed right after (example 11-13)


Tense:

N 때문에:
아이 때문에 (because of the baby)
눈 때문에 (because of the snow)
감기 때문에 (because of the cold)
학생 때문에 (because of the student)

N이기 때문에:
아이이기 때문에 (because he/she is a baby)
학생이기 때문에 (because I am a student)
외국인이기 때문에 (because I am a foreigner)

A/V-기 때문에:
좋기 때문에 (because ... is good)
한가하기 때문에 (because I am free...)
운전하기 때문에 (because of driving...)
아르바이트를 하기 때문에 (because of working part time)




Examples:

1. 눈 때문에 길이 미끄러워요.
The road is slippery because of the snow.

2. 학생 때문에 선생님이 화가 나셨어요.
The teacher got angry because of the student (e.g. telling a lie)

3. 아이 때문에 밥을  못 먹어요.
I can't eat because of the baby (e.g. not going to sleep)

4. 아이이기 때문에 밥을 못 먹어요.
The baby can't eat because he is still a baby.

5. 학생이기 때문에 할인을 받았어요.
I received a discount because I am a student.

6. 외국인이기 때문에 한국말을 잘 못해요.
I can't speak Korean well because I am a foreigner.

7. 방학에 여행 가고 싶은데 아르바이트를 하기 때문에 못 가요.
I want to go traveling during school vacation but I can't go because I have a part-time job.

8. 날씨가 좋기 때문에 산에 갔어요.
I went to the mountain because the weather was good.

9. 그는 사랑 때문에 죽었어.
He died of love.

10. 감기 때문에 병원에 갔어요.
I went to the hospital because of the cold.

11. 지금 배가 정말 고파요. 왜냐하면 오늘 아침을 안 먹었기 때문이에요/먹었거든요.
I am really hungry right now. Because I didn't eat breakfast this morning.

12. 요즘 버스로 서울에 가요. 왜냐하면 기차보다 더 싸기 때문이에요/ 싸거든요.
I go to Seoul by bus these days. Because it's cheaper than the train.

13. 저는 매일 한국어를 공부해요. 왜냐하면 한국말을 잘 하고 싶기 때문이에요./싶거든요.
I study Korean every day. Because I want to speak Korean well.


Differences between -기 때문에, -는 바람에, -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에, and  -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 grammars:

1. Good vs Bad result.
- Good: -기 때문에, -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에
- Bad:  -기 때문에, -는 바람에, -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에

2. Cause type.
- All types: -기 때문에, -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에, -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에
- Unexpected cause: -는 바람에

3. Tense of 1st clause.
- All tenses: -기 때문에, -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에, -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에
- Present tense: -는 바람에

4. Tense of the 2nd clause.
- All types: -기 때문에, -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에, -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에
- Past tense: -는 바람에

5. Used with Adjective, Verb, and Noun.
- All types: -기 때문에, -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에, -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에
- Verb only: -는 바람에

3 comments:

Korean Topik said...

The grammar is updated on 17 May 2023. Hope you enjoying studying at koreantopik.

Shan said...

Letter N = Noun, V = Verb, A = Adjective. Am I right? For example, N 때문에, A/V-기 때문에

Korean Topik said...

Yes, you are right.

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